CPAI Editorial

production losses

Research, field notes, and practical guidance from the CPAI community.

2 articles

Changeover time: filler format parts removed during changeover

Insight September 30, 2026 6 min read

Changeover Time in Manufacturing: Formula and Examples

Changeover time is the elapsed time from the last good unit of one production run to the first good unit of the next. The practical formula is first-good timestamp minus last-good timestamp. This page shows how to compare standard and actual time, how three extra minutes repeated three times a day become annual capacity hours, […]

by CPAI Editorial Team

Micro stops: bottles jammed at a star-wheel on a conveyor

Insight September 30, 2026 6 min read

Micro Stops in Manufacturing: Why Small Stops Add Up

Micro stops are brief interruptions in a manufacturing process that are easy to dismiss one at a time. In OEE language they are often called small stops or minor stops, but the threshold and KPI classification depend on the plant’s measurement policy. The practical test is simple: measure the repeated minutes, annualize them using the […]

by CPAI Editorial Team